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This would have let them graze on low vegetation, while being able to lift their heads and browse trees when necessary. The spine was attached to the rear of the head rather than the base, indicating the horizontal alignment. Moa skeletons were traditionally reconstructed in an upright position to create impressive height, but analysis of their vertebral articulations indicates that they probably carried their heads forward, in the manner of a kiwi. Moa extinction occurred within 100 years of human settlement of New Zealand primarily due to overhunting. They were the largest terrestrial animals and dominant herbivores in New Zealand's forest, shrubland, and subalpine ecosystems until the arrival of the Māori, and were hunted only by the Haast's eagle. The nine species of moa were the only wingless birds, lacking even the vestigial wings that all other ratites have. However, their closest relatives have been found by genetic studies to be the flighted South American tinamous, once considered to be a sister group to ratites. Moa are traditionally placed in the ratite group. Estimates of the Moa population when Polynesians settled New Zealand circa 1300 vary between 58,000 and approximately 2.5 million. The two largest species, Dinornis robustus and Dinornis novaezelandiae, reached about 3.6 m (12 ft) in height with neck outstretched, and weighed about 230 kg (510 lb) while the smallest, the bush moa, was around the size of a turkey. Moa ( order Dinornithiformes) were nine species (in six genera) of now-extinct flightless birds endemic to New Zealand.